Cytogenetic Analysis of Down Syndrome Patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is the mostcommon type of chromosomal abnormalities in new-born.There are three types regular (Free) Trisomy 21, Translocationand Mosaic Trisomy 21. One third cases of Down syndrome,clinical diagnosis may not be confirmed. Therefore, in thisstudy we aimed to confirm the suspected Down syndromepatients by a cytogenetic analysis and also evaluate the riskfactors associated with Down syndrome.Material and methods: Total 30 suspected Down syndromepatients with aged between days 2 to 20 years old wereincluded in this study, on the basis of well-defined inclusioncriteria. The cytogenetic analysis, karyotype was carriedout for all 30 suspected patients from peripheral blood andstaining with Giemsa (G-Banding).Results: Total of 30 children were included in which 16patients with Down syndrome and 14 with normal. Regular(Free) Trisomy 21 was found in 93.75% patients andtranslocation was seen in 6.25% case. Whereas Mosaicdown syndrome was not seen in any cases. Among Downsyndrome, 10 (62.50%) were males. The mean maternal ageat birth was significantly higher (31.94±3.04 years) in DownsyndromeConclusion: Our results suggest that regular trisomy 21 ismore common in Down syndrome cases. Moreover, highermaternal age was the major risk factor for Down’s syndrome

Street Peddlers and Poor Respiratory Health Outcomes in Lucknow, India

Introduction: There are few studies which aim towards theawareness of using protective masks and respiratory problemsamong street peddlers in India. The focus of this study wasto identify the major pollutants (i.e., PM 2.5, PM 10, etc.)present in the air which may be responsible for the adverserespiratory effect on the human population in street peddlersof Lucknow, India.Material and Methods: Street Peddlers, who were notindulge in smoking in recent few days and have no knowledgeof any diagnosed respiratory diseases, were asked toparticipate from roadside of different localities in Lucknowcity, India. Volunteering Members (n=30) described havinglower respiratory, upper respiratory, and other symptoms.Result: The result of the study was estimated on the basisof a self-analysis form. Symptoms of upper (sour throat36.3%) and lower respiratory tract (coughing 40%) and eyeirritation (40%) was present in all the participants None ofthe participants used the N-95 respirator (PPE: masks) in thisstudy. Some peddlers who is using PPE, are improper for thePM present in the air.Conclusion: Results suggests awareness about respiratoryproblems and proper use of protective equipment like theN-95 type respirator mask among street Peddlers in Lucknow,India.

Effects of Various Anaesthetic Techniques on Haemodynamic Stability and Inflammatory Cytokine (IL-6) Level in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery

Introduction: Multimodal anaesthesia techniques includeregional anaesthesia in the form of paravertebral block andvarious anaesthetic drugs which acts on different sites of painpathway with different mechanism of action, results in goodquality of analgesia with minimal side effects. They improverecovery along with early mobilization and rehabilitationand early resumption. This technique lowers the level ofinflammatory cytokines. Due to this we aim to evaluate theeffects multimodal anaesthesia technique on level of IL-6inflammatory cytokines in breast carcinoma surgery.Material and Methods: Patients were randomized intofollowing three groups (n=30 in each group) using a computergenerated random number tables. Group I: paracetamol 10 mg/kg, Group II: paracetamol at 10 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine0.5μg/kg, Group III: paracetamol 10 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine0.5 μg/kg and paravertebral block with levobupivacaine.Fentany (2 μg/kg) with general anaesthesia were common inall three groups. Statistical Analysis: All the categorical datawas compared by using student “t” test, chi-square test andparametric data by analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Patients of group III was haemodynamically morestable as compared to group II and I. IL-6 level was 358.15, ingroup I, 354 in group II and 346.65 in group III preoperativelywhile 324.85 in group I, 320.95 in group II, 278.35 in group IIIafter 2 hour surgery. IL-6 level was significantly different ingroup III as compared to group II and group I postoperatively.Conclusion: Multimodal approach is a better anesthetictechnique in terms of hemodynamic stability with decreasedlevels of IL-6 inflammatory cytokines.